Sesamoiditis
​
What are the Sesamoids of the Foot?
To understand sesamoid injuries in the foot, it's imporant to know what sesamoinds are. A sesamoid is a bone embedded in a tendon. Sesamoids are found in several joints in the body. In the normal foot, the sesamoids are two pea-shaped bones located in the ball of the foot, beneath the big toe joint.
Acting as a pulley for tendons, the sesamoids help the big toe move normally and provide leverage when the big toe pushes off during walking and running. The sesamoids also serve as a weightbearing surface for the first metatarsal bone (the long bone connected to the big toe), absorbing the weight placed on the ball of the foot when walking, running and jumping.
Sesamoid injuries can involve the bones, tendons and/or surrounding tissue in the joint. They are often associated with activities requiring increased pressure on the ball of the foot, such as running, basketball, football, golf, tennis and ballet. In addition, people with high arches are at risk for developing sesamoid problems. Frequent wearing of high-heeled shoes can also be a contributing factor.
​
Types of Sesamoid Injuries in the Foot
There are three types of sesamoid injuries in the foot:
• Turf toe. This is an injury of the soft tissue surrounding the big toe joint. It usually
occurs when the big toe joint is extended beyond its normal range. Turf toe causes
immediate, sharp pain and swelling. It usually affects the entire big toe joint and limits the
motion of the toe. Turf toe may result in an injury to the soft tissue attached to the sesamoid
or a fracture of the sesamoid. Sometimes a “pop” is felt at the moment of injury.
• Fracture. A fracture (break) in a sesamoid bone can be either acute or chronic.
• An acute fracture is caused by trauma—a direct blow or impact to the bone. An acute
sesamoid fracture produces immediate pain and swelling at the site of the break but usually
does not affect the entire big toe joint. A chronic fracture is a stress fracture (a hairline break
usually caused by repetitive stress or overuse).
• A chronic sesamoid fracture produces longstanding pain in the ball of the foot beneath the big toe joint. The pain, which tends to come and go, generally is aggravated with activity and relieved with rest.
• Sesamoiditis. This is an overuse injury involving chronic inflammation of the sesamoid bones and the tendons involved with those bones. Sesamoiditis is caused by increased pressure on the sesamoids. Often, sesamoiditis is associated with a dull, longstanding pain beneath the big toe joint. The pain comes and goes, usually occurring with certain shoes or certain activities.
Diagnosis of Sesamoids Injuries in the Foot
In diagnosing a sesamoid injury, the foot and ankle surgeon will examine the foot, focusing on the big toe joint. The surgeon will press on the big toe, move it up and down, and may assess the patient’s walking and evaluate the wear pattern on the patient’s shoes. X-rays are ordered, and in some cases, advanced imaging studies may be ordered.
​
​